Homopolar, acyclic, or unipolar dynamo-electric machine.



0. SCHULZ & W. H. EYBRMANN. HOMOPOLAR, AGYCLIG, 0R UNIPOLAR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLIGATION FILED PEB`8,1911.

1,025,021 Patented Apr. 3o, 1912.

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du da )VMM 0. SCHULZ 6L W. H. EYERMANN. EOMOPOLAR, AGYGLIG, 0R UNIPOLAR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHNB.

, APPLIOATIN FILED TBB. 8, 1911. 1,025,021 .A 'Patented Apr. so, 1912.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

OTTO SCHULZ, OF CHABLOTT'ENBURG, AND WILHELM HEINRICH EYEBIMANN,OF

FRIEDENAU, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

OB. UNIPOLAB. DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented Apr. 30, 11912.

Application led February B, 19H. Serial No. 607,296.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, O'I'ro SCHULZ, of 15 Uhlandstrasse, in Charlottenburg, Germany,

-has a hi and WILHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN, of 18 Menzelstrasse in Friedenau, near Berlin, Germany, both subjects of the German Emperor, and residents of Charlottenburg and Friedenau, respectively, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Homopolar, Acyclic, or Unipolar Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to homopolar, acyclic or unipolar dynamo-electric machines, more particularly to a so-called` oppositerunning unipolar machine, that is to say, a dynamo in which the cylindrical or diskshaped armature conductors rotate within a magnetic field in directions opposite to each other, the armature conductors preferably forming at the same time the rotors of steam turbines.

In constructions hitherto known, the armature conductors were themselves used as supports or carriers for the turbine buckets or blades. According to this invention, the armature conductors are secured to separate supporting disks which, intheir turn, in so -ar as it 1s a question of driving the conductors by means of turbines, can at the same time support the turbine buckets or blades. In this way it is possible to make the supporting disks of materials of great strength, and to give them the most suitable shape from the point of View of strength. In order to obtain the least possible magnetic resistance when giving this shape, separate lilling members 7 adapted to the carrying disks and made of magnetic material, are rovided. The conductors themselves can t en be made of a material which need be selected merely with regard to its electrical ropert-ies, that is to say, which gii specific conductivity, but need not have very great strength. Thus it is ossible to secure the armature conductors 1n a large number of superposed layers, on one and the same supporting disk, to insulate them properly, to make them thin and thus to reduce the magnetic resistance and to neutralize the magnetic reaction on the magnetic field of the electric currents in-the conductors. It is also possible to mount the portions of the conductors, used for collect- 5 ing the current, independently of the said conductors,and separately on the support ing disks, to center them on th'esame and to collect the currents generated, by means of separate roller current-collectors between the moving conductors.

A unipolar dynamo machine according to this invention with armature conductors formed into disks and built as a so-called oppositerunning dynamo machine is illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

Figure V1 is a cross-section through the upper half of the machine. Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale a section through a portion of the supporting disks, together with the corresponding current-collecting rings and rollers. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the rings carrying the currentcollecting rollers, and Fig. 4 is a spring disk from which the current-collecting rollers are built up.

The machine has two rotating supporting disks l carrying on their circumference, the moving blades 2 of a turbine. In order to obtain as uniformworking of the supportf ing disks as possible, one supporting dis can be provided with a large number of consecutively arranged turbine blades. Thus, inthe construction illustrated, it has been assumed, as shown diagrammatically at the bottom in Fig. 1, that steam is admitted through thel nozzle 11, then passes throu h the turbine blades 2 arranged on the legt hand supporting disk, and thence is guided by the gulde plates 10 toward the Erst series of the blades 2 of the right-hand supporting disk 1, and then passes through the stationary ide blades 4 to the second group of turbine blades 2 secured to thesame supporting disk.

, The armature conductors consist of simple sheet metal disks 5 connected tothe supporting disks through interposed filling members 7 by means of screws 13 and electrically insulated from each other in a suitable manner. In the construction illustrated, to each support-ing disk are secured two conductors 5. As the two-supporting disks rotate in the opposite directions as long as steam passes through the turbines, in the conductors must have opposite directions indicated in the drawing by the arrows.

The conductors 5, as shown in Fig. 2, are connected by intermediate conductors`24to current-collector rings" 15 and, between the the currents generated' rings 15, facing. each other, there Vare arranged springy current-collector rollers 14 in such manner that all armature conductors of both armatures rotating in opposite directions are connected in series or in some other suitable manner. The supporting disks rotate freely on the stationary or fixed spindle 8. To that end, bearing bushes or brasses 9 which can be easily lubricated through perforations in the fixed spindle are preferably arranged between the supporting disks and the spindles 8.

Next to the spindle, each conductor 5 is connected by suitably insulatedconductors to slip rings and to brushes |6 or 6.

The current-collector rings and the current conductors 24. electrically connected to the same are preferably secured by slightly heating the outer ring so that it is slightly larger than the inner ring which remains cold so that, on cooling, it will press hard against the latter. The supporting ring 25 is thereupon also heated and pushed over the outer current collector ring, so that all the rings, after cooling, are firmly secured to each other. This method can be still further improved by making the rings at the surface a and of slightly conical shape, which at the same time has for its result that the currentcollector rings 15 are pressed against the supporting ring 25. In that way, it is possible to manufacture, to center and to remove the current-collector rings independently of the supporting disks.

The current col-lector rings are provided on the faces arranged opposite each other, with circular grooves or teeth 16.

Each roller 14 consists preferably of a number of circular springy sheet metal disks 18, such as that shown separately in Fig. 4. These disks, placed on each otheri in any desired number, can form a roller. In the same way, the group of disks forming a roller can be combined with one or more other groups to form one and the same roller. Each roller must be, of course, electrically insulated from the others. In the construction illustrated, where there are four armature conductors 5, and therefore also Vfour current-collector rings 15, the four lower metal plates 18 (Fig. 2) form the element which conveys the current from the left-hand inner ernment-collector ring 15 to the right-hand inner current collector ring l5, While the next four upper plates form the roller electrically connecting together the outer collector rings 15. v

The sheet metal disks are capable of spring movement relatively to each other in such manner that the teeth 1G must force the sheet metal disks apart. In that Way, each tooth 1C is tour'hed in a laterally springy and .i leiding manner by one sheet metal plate 1*?. sa that current 1s collected in a thoroughly reliable manner in everyl respect. To this must be added that, under the action of centrifugal force, the circumference of the disks 18 which, under the action of centrifugal force, has the tendency to become straightened, will be pressed against the lateral sides of the teeth 16. The teeth prevent the rollers from moying radially.

For each armature conductor there is provided a large number of current-collecting rollers 14 arranged in a circle. In the construction illustrated there are eight rollers, as shown in Fig. 3. Each of the rollers is mounted on a thin spindle, and the spindles 19 are mounted in two concentric light ringsZO and 21, In case of unequal speed or of different diameters of the single roller rings, the Whole roller system can therefore rotate with half the dierence of speed. The rollers run on spindles 19 by means of bushes 22 provided with a comparatively large bore so that the rollers can automat1- cally take up the proper position. The bushes are preferably made of hard insu.- lating lhnaterial, such as porcelain, glass or quartz, or eve 'hard carbon. Y

In order to ring the rollers 14 with their supporting rings 20, 21 during erection into the proper .central position, bolts 23 provided W1th hooks are rotatably mounted in the machine frame. The bolts are turned in such a manner that their hook shaped ends keep the 'outer ring 20 in the central position relatively to the spindle 8, as shown dotted in Figs. 1 and 2.

lVhen the machine is completely erected, the bolts 23 are turned so that they are no longer in the path of the rotatin parts, as hown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 2 and in laims.

1. In a homopolar dynamo, thecombination of oppositely rotating supporting disks, a collector ring fixed to the inner side of each disk, rollers in engagement with the collector rings, conductors connected to said collector rings, and conductor disks carried by the supporting disks and in en agement with said conductors, substantial y as described.

2. In a homo olar dynamo, the combination of opposite y rotating supporting disks, collector' rings fixed to the inner side of each disk, a frame arranged between said disks, rollers carried by said frame and in engagement with the collector rings, conductors connected to said collector rlngs, and conductor disks carriedby the sup orting disks and in engagement with sai conductors, substantially as described.

3. In a homopolar dynamo, the combination of oppositely rotating supporting disks, collector rings fixed to the inner side of each supporting disk and having inwardly projecting teeth, a frame composed of concentric rings, rollers carried by the frame and arranged between the rings thereof, each roller comprising a plurality of sheet disks arranged 1n pairs and having their periphn eries oppositely beveled to form grooves for engagement with the teeth oi the collector rings, and conductors carried by the supporting disks and connected with the collector rings, substantially as described.

4. In ahomopolar dynamo, the combination of oppositely rotating supporting disks, supporting rings carried by the inner side of each supporting disk, collector rings carried by the supporting disks and having inwardly projecting teeth, :1 frame com posed of concentric rings arranged between the supporting disks, spindles carried by the concentric rings of the frame, a bushing loosely mounted on each spindle, disks formed of sheet metal fixed to the bushing in pairs and having their peripheries oppositely beveled forming grooves for engagement with the teeth of the collector rings, conductors connected to the collector rings, conductor disks carried by the supporting disks and in engagement with the conductor disks, and brushes connected with the conductor disks, substantially as described.

5. In a homopolar dynamo, the combination of supporting disks, turbine blades carried by each disk and being oppositely erranged to rotate the disks in opposite directions, a casing inclosing the blades and having an inlet and an outlet, a supporting ring carried by the inner side of each supporting disk, collector rings carried by the supporting disks and having inwardly projecting teeth, a frame formed of concentric rings arranged between the supporting disks, spindles carried by the concentric rings of the frame, a bushing loosely mounted on each spindle between the concentric rings, disks of sheet metal fixed to the bushing in pairs and having their peripheries oppo-sitely beveled forming grooves for engagement with the teeth of the collector rings, conductors connected to the collector rings, filling members secured to the snpporting disks, conductor disks fixed to the filling members and having connection with the conductor rings, and brushes for taking oit electric current from, the conductor disks, substantially as described.

In testimony, that We claim the foregoing as our invention, we have signed our names in presence of two Witnesses, this 25th day of January 1911.

OTT() SCHULZ. WILHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN.

Witnesses VVOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HAsrnn. 

